When you upload to a Proffieboard, the progress of the upload is shown in the same window as compile errors, and it should look something like this:
Note that for some version of Arduino you will need to scroll down to see this. If you do not see this, or something similar, then the upload was probably not successful.
One of the most common reasons for a failed upload is not selecting the right port. Usually this looks like this:
If this is what you see, select the right port in Arduino -> Tools -> Port, then try again. If the port is not shown, you can try these steps:
Once upload has finished, the Port should be available in arduino, so you shouldn't have to do this process again.
If you get this message while uploading "cannot open dfu device 0483:df11", it means that it found the bootloader, but it can't talk to it.
On windows, that usually means that you need to run proffie-dfu-setup to install the right driver for the STM32 BOOTLOADER. On Linux, it means that you need to install the right udev rules.
If you see some other errors when uploading, it's probably a compile error. Check the Arduino error messages page for help with those.